A1 Attention
• to foreign languages, cultures and/or persons
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity in the environment
• to language in general
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity in general
| A-1 |
Attention
 to « foreign » °languages / cultures / persons°
--> to °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity in the
environment to language in general to °linguistic / cultural /
human° diversity in general [as such]
|
view subdescriptors
| A-1.1 |
 Attention °to language (to semiotic manifestations) / to
cultures / to persons° in general
|
| A-1.1.1 |
Attention to verbal and nonverbal signs of communication
|
| A-1.1.2 |
°Considering / apprehending° °linguistic / cultural°
phenomena as an object of °observation / reflection°
|
| A-1.1.3 |
Attention to [paying attention to] the formal aspects of °
language in general / particular languages / cultures°
|
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A2 Sensitivity
| A-2 |
Sensitivity °°to the existence of other °languages /
cultures / persons°
// to the existence of °linguistic / cultural /
human° diversity°°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-2.1 |
Sensitivity towards one’s own °language / culture° and
other °languages / cultures°
|
| A-2.2 |
Sensitivity to °linguistic / cultural° differences
|
| A-2.2.1 |
Being aware of different aspects of °language / culture°
which may vary °from language to language / from culture to
culture°
|
| A-2.2.1.1 |
Being aware of the diversity of °linguistic universes {sounds,
graphisms, syntactic organisations, etc.} / cultural universes {table
manners, traffic laws, etc. }°
|
| A-2.2.2 |
Being aware of the (local / regional / social / generational)
variants of a same °language (dialects …) / culture°
|
| A-2.2.3 |
Being aware of traces of otherness in °a language (for example
in loan words) / a culture°
|
| A-2.3 |
Sensitivity to °linguistic / cultural° similarities
|
| A-2.4 |
Being sensitive both to differences and to similarities between
different °languages / cultures°
|
| A-2.4.1 |
Being aware of the great diversity of manners of greeting, of
initiating communication, of expressing temporality, of eating, of
playing, etc., and being at the same time aware of the similarity of
universal needs to which these manners answer
|
| A-2.5 |
Sensitivity to plurilingualism and to pluriculturalism in the
immediate or remote environment
|
| A-2.5.1 |
Being aware of the °linguistic / cultural° diversity of
society
|
| A-2.5.2 |
Being aware of the °linguistic / cultural° diversity of the
classroom
|
| A-2.5.2.1 |
Being aware of the diversity of °languages / cultures°
present in the classroom (when these are set side by side with
one’s own °linguistic / cultural° °practices /
knowledge°)
|
| A-2.6 |
Sensitivity to the relativity of °linguistic / cultural°
uses
|
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A3 Curiosity
| A-3 |
 Curiosity about / Interest in °° “foreign”
°languages / cultures / persons° --> // pluricultural
contexts // the °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity of the
environment // °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity in
general [as such] °°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-3.1 |
Curiosity about a °multilingual / multicultural° environment
|
| A-3.2 |
Curiosity about discovering how (one’s own / other)
°language(s) / culture(s)° work(s)
|
| A-3.2.1 |
Being curious about (and wishing) to understand the similarities and
differences between one’s own °language / culture° and
the target °language / culture°
|
| A-3.3 |
Interest in discovering other perspectives of interpretation of
°familiar / unfamiliar° phenomena both in one’s own
culture (language) and in other °cultures (languages) / cultural
(linguistic) practices°
|
| A-3.4 |
Interest in understanding what happens in intercultural /
plurilingual interactions
|
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A4 Acceptance
| A-4 |
Positive acceptance °°of °linguistic / cultural°
diversity
/ of others
/ of what is different °°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-4.1 |
Mastery of one’s °resistances / reticence° towards
what is °linguistically / culturally° different
|
| A-4.2 |
Accepting the fact that another °language / culture° may
function differently from one’s °language / culture°
|
| A-4.2.1 |
Accepting the fact that another language can organise the
construction of meaning on °phonological and semantic distinctions
/ syntactic constructions° which differ from those of one’s
own language
|
| A-4.2.2 |
Accepting the fact that another culture may make use of different
cultural behaviours (/table manners / rituals / …)
|
| A-4.3 |
Accepting the fact that another °language / culture° may
include elements which differ from those of one’s own language
|
| A-4.3.1 |
Accepting the existence of °sounds <phonemes> / prosodic
and accentual forms° which differ from those of one’s own
language
|
| A-4.3.2 |
Accepting the existence of signs and typographies which differ from
those of one’s own language {inverted commas, accents,
“ß” in German, etc.}
|
| A-4.3.3 |
Accepting the existence of cultural features {institutions
(educational, judiciary …), traditions (meals, feasts …)
artefacts (clothes, tools, food, games, habitat …)} which may
differ from those of one’s own culture
|
| A-4.4 |
Accepting the existence of °other modes of interpretation of
reality / other value systems° (linguistic implicits, the meaning
of behaviours, etc.)
|
| A-4.5 |
Acceptance [Recognition] of the importance of all °languages /
cultures° and the different places they occupy
|
| A-4.5.1 |
°Acceptance [Recognition] / Taking into account of the
value° of all the °languages / cultures° in the classroom
|
| A-4.5.1.1 |
Positive acceptance of minority °languages / cultures° in the
classroom
|
| A-4.6 |
Reacting without an a priori negative slant to (the functioning of)
*bilingual talk* <ways of speaking which resort to two (or more)
languages used alternately, essentially between speakers sharing the
same plurilingual repertoire>
|
| A-4.7 |
Reacting without an a priori negative slant to “mixed”
cultural practices (integrating elements from several cultures:
musical, culinary, religious, etc.)
|
| A-4.8 |
Accepting the spread and the complexity of °linguistic /
cultural° differences (and, consequently, the fact that one cannot
know everything)
|
| A-4.8.1 |
Acceptance [Recognition] of the °linguistic / cultural°
complexity of °individual / collective° identities as a
legitimate characteristic of groups and societies
|
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A5 Openness
| A-5 |
Openness °°to the diversity °of languages / people /
cultures° of the world / to diversity as such [to difference itself]
[to alterity] °°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-5.1 |
Empathy [Openness] to alterity
|
| A-5.2 |
Openness to allophonic speakers (and their languages)
|
| A-5.3 |
Openness to °languages / cultures°
|
| A-5.3.1 |
Openness towards °languages / cultures° which are viewed
with less regard {minority °languages / cultures°,
°languages / cultures° belonging to migrants …}
|
| A-5.3.2 |
Openness towards foreign °languages / cultures° taught at
school
|
| A-5.3.3 |
Openness towards the unfamiliar (linguistic or cultural)
|
| A-5.3.3.1 |
Being open (and mastering one’s own eventual resistances) to
what seems incomprehensible and different
|
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A6 Respect
| A-6 |
°Respect / Regard° for ° “foreign” /
“different”° °languages / cultures / persons°
for the °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity of the
environment
for °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity as such [in
general]
|
view subdescriptors
| A-6.1 |
Respect for differences and diversity (in a plurilingual and
pluricultural environment)
|
| A-6.2 |
Valuing [appreciating] °linguistic / cultural° contacts
|
| A-6.2.1 |
Considering that loans from other °languages / cultures°
become part of the reality of a °language / culture° and may
contribute to enriching it
|
| A-6.3 |
Having regard for [valuing] bilingualism
|
| A-6.4 |
Considering all languages as equal in dignity
|
| A-6.5 |
Having respect for human dignity and equality of human rights for
everybody
|
| A-6.5.1 |
Respecting [valuing] each individual’s language and culture
|
A-6.5.2
|
Considering each °language / culture° as a means of human
development, of social inclusion and as an indispensable condition in
the exercise of citizenship
|
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°Disposition / Motivation / Will / Desire° to engage in activity
related to °languages / cultures° and to the diversity of languages
and cultures
A 7 Disposition/Motivation
| A-7 |
Disposition / motivation with respect to °linguistic /
cultural° °diversity / plurality°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-7.1 |
Disposition to °plurilingual / pluricultural° socialisation
|
| A-7.2 |
Readiness to engage in pluralistic (verbal / non verbal)
communication while following the rituals and conventions appropriate
to the context
|
| A-7.2.1 |
Readiness to try to communicate in the language of others and to
behave in a manner considered appropriate by others
|
| A-7.3 |
Readiness to face difficulties linked to °plurilingual /
pluricultural° situations and interactions
|
| A-7.3.1 |
Ability to deal (confidently) that which is °new / strange°
°°in the °linguistic / cultural° behaviour / in the
cultural values°° of others
|
| A-7.3.2 |
Readiness to accept the anxiety which is inherent to
°plurilingual / pluricultural° situations and interactions
|
| A-7.3.3 |
Readiness to live °linguistic / cultural° experiences which
do not conform to one’s expectations
|
| A-7.3.4 |
Readiness to experience a threat to one’s identity [to feel
disindividualised]
|
| A-7.3.5 |
Readiness to be considered as an outsider
|
| A-7.4 |
Disposition to share one’s °linguistic / cultural°
knowledge with others
|
| A-7.5 |
Motivation to °study / compare° the functioning of different
°languages {structures, vocabulary, systems of writing …} /
cultures°
|
| A-7.5.1 |
Motivation for the observation and analysis of more or less
unfamiliar °linguistic / cultural° phenomena
|
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A 8 Willingness/Desire
| A-8 |
°A wish / will° °to be involved / to act° °°in
connection with linguistic or cultural diversity / plurality // in a
plurilingual or pluriculural environment°°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-8.1 |
A will to take up the challenge of °linguistic / cultural°
diversity (going beyond simple tolerance, towards deeper levels of
understanding and respect, towards acceptance)
|
| A-8.2 |
Participating consciously in the construction of one’s own
°plurilingual / pluricultural° competence / Volontary
involvement in the development of the process of °plurilingual /
pluricultural° socialisation
|
| A-8.3 |
A will to °build / to participate in° a shared language
culture (built on knowledge, values and attitudes to language, shared
in general by a community)
|
| A-8.4 |
A will to construct a language culture solidly based on
“tested” knowledge of languages and language
|
| A-8.4.1 |
A commitment to have at one’s disposal a linguistic culture
which helps to better understand languages {where languages come from,
how they evolve, what makes them similar or different, …}
|
| A-8.4.2 |
The will to °verbalise / discuss° representations one may
have of certain linguistic phenomena (/loans / “mixing” of
languages/…)
|
| A-8.5 |
A wish to discover °other languages / other cultures / other
peoples°
|
| A-8.5.1 |
A wish to encounter °other languages / other cultures / other
peoples° linked to the personal or family history of persons one
knows
|
| A-8.6 |
°A will / A wish° °to be involved in communication with
persons from different cultures / to come into contact with
others°
|
| A-8.6.1 |
A will to interact with members of the receiving °culture /
language° <not avoiding members of this °culture /
language° / not seeking only the company of members of one’s
own culture>
|
| A-8.6.2 |
A will to try to understand the differences °in behaviour / in
values / in attitudes° of members of the receiving culture
|
| A-8.6.3 |
A will to establish a relationship of equality in °plurilingual
/ pluricultural° interactions
|
| A-8.6.3.1 |
A commitment to helping persons from another °culture /
language°
|
| A-8.6.3.2 |
Accepting help from persons of another °culture / language°
|
| A-8.7 |
A will [A commitment] to assume the °implications /
consequences° of one’s decisions and behaviours <ethical
dimension, responsibility>
|
| A-8.8 |
A will to learn from others (°their language / their
culture°)
|
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Attitudes / stances of : questioning – distanciation –
decentration – relativisation
A9 - Questioning
| A-9 |
°An attitude of critical questioning / a critical position°
towards language / culture in general
|
view subdescriptors
| A-9.1 |
A will to ask questions relative to °languages / cultures°
|
| A-9.2 |
Considering °° °languages / cultures° //
°linguistic / cultural° diversity // °linguistic /
cultural° “mixes” // the learning of languages //
their importance // their utility …°° as issues about
which questions and discussions may arise
|
| A-9.2.1 |
Considering the way languages and their different units {phonemes /
words / sentences / texts} function as an object of analysis and
reflection
|
| A-9.2.2 |
Considering the way cultures and their domains {institutions /
rituals / uses} as an object of analysis and reflection
|
| A-9.2.3 |
Considering one’s own representations and attitudes towards
°bilingualism / plurilingualism / cultural mixing° as an
object of analysis and reflection
|
| A-9.2.4 |
Having a critical attitude in respect of °the role of language
in social relations {of power, inequality, the attribution of identity
…} / the socio-political aspects linked to the functions and
statuses of languages°
|
| A-9.2.4.1 |
Having a critical attitude to the use of language as an instrument
of manipulation
|
| A-9.3 |
A will to question the values and presuppositions of the cultural
products and practices °of one’s own environment / of other
cultural contexts°
|
| A-9.3.1 |
Ability to assume a critical distance from information and opinions
produced by °media / common sense / one’s interlocutors°
°about one’s own community / about other communities°
|
| A-9.4 |
A critical attitude to °one’s own values [norms] / the
values [norms] of others°
|
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A 10 Willingness
| A-10 |
A will to construct « informed » °knowledge /
representations°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-10.1 |
A will to possess a °more considered / less normative° view
of °linguistic / cultural° phenomena {loans / linguistic or
cultural mixes / etc.}
|
| A-10.2 |
A will °to take complexity into account / to avoid
generalisations° about every object concerned in the field of
languages and cultures
|
| A-10.2.1 |
A will to possess a differentiated view of different forms and types
of plurilingualism
|
| A-10.3 |
A will to take a critical distance from conventional attitudes about
/ concerning cultural differences
|
| A-10.4 |
A will to °overcome barriers / to be open° in relation to
°languages / cultures / communication° in general
|
close
A 11 Disposition to suspend judgement
| A-11 |
°A disposition / A will° to suspend °one’s judgement
/ one’s acquired representations / one’s prejudices°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-11.1 |
°°Being disposed to distance oneself from one’s own
°language / culture° // look at one’s own language from
the outside°°
|
| A-11.2 |
Disposition to suspend judgement about °one’s own culture
/ other cultures°
|
| A-11.3 |
A will to combat (/deconstruct / overcome /) one’s prejudices
towards other °languages / cultures° and their °speakers /
members°
|
| A-11.3.1 |
Being attentive to one’s own negative reactions towards
°cultural / linguistic / ° differences {fears, contempt,
disgust, superiority…}
|
| A-11.3.2 |
Being ready to adopt attitudes to diversity which conform to
knowledge one °may acquire / may have acquired° from it
|
| A-11.3.3 |
Taking a view of languages as °dynamic / evolutive / hybrid°
(as opposed to the notion of the “purity of language”)
|
| A-11.3.4 |
Being ready to discard one’s prejudices about languages which
have been marginalized (/regional languages / the languages of migrant
learners / sign languages / … /)
|
close
A 12 Disposition toward process of relativisation
| A-12 |
Disposition to starting a process of °linguistic / cultural°
°decentration / relativisation°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-12.1 |
Being ready to distance oneself from one’s own cultural
perspective and to be attentive to the effects that this may have on
one’s perception of phenomena
|
| A-12.2 |
Accepting to suspend (even provisionally) or to question one’s
°(verbal or other) practices / behaviours / values …°
and adopt (even provisionally in a reversible manner) °behaviours
/ attitudes / values° other than those which have so far
constituted one’s linguistic and cultural “identity”
|
| A-12.2.1 |
Being ready to decentre oneself relative to °the maternal
language and culture / the language and culture of the school°
|
| A-12.2.2 |
Being ready to put oneself in the place of the other
|
| A-12.3 |
Disposition to go beyond evidence developed in relation with the
mother °language / culture° in order to comprehend
°languages / cultures°, whichever these may be {better
understanding the way they function}
|
| A-12.4 |
Disposition to reflect upon the differences between °languages /
cultures° and upon the relative nature of one’s own
°linguistic / cultural° system
|
| A-12.4.1 |
Readiness to distance oneself from formal similarities
|
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Readiness to adapt / Self-confidence / Sense of familiarity
A 13 Readiness to adapt
| A-13 |
°° °A will / disposition° to adapt oneself /
Flexibility°°
|
view subdescriptors
| A-13.1 |
A will °to adapt / to be flexible in° one’s own
behaviour when interacting with persons who are °linguistically /
culturally° different from oneself
|
| A-13.2 |
Being ready to go through the different stages of the process of
adaptation to another culture
|
| A-13.2.1 |
The will to (try to) manage the °frustrations / emotions°
created by one’s participation in another culture
|
| A-13.2.2 |
The will to adapt one’s own behaviour to what one °knows /
learns° about communication in the host culture
|
| A-13.4 |
A will to face different manners of °perception / expression /
behaviour°
|
| A-13.5 |
Tolerating ambiguity
|
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A 14 Self Confidence
| A-14 |
Having self-confidence / Feeling at ease
|
view subdescriptors
| A-14.1 |
Feeling capable of facing °the complexity / the diversity°
of °contexts / speakers°
|
| A-14.2 |
Being self-confident in a situation of communication
(°expression / reception / interaction / mediation°)
|
| A-14.3 |
Having confidence in one’s own abilities in relation to
languages (/their study / their use/)
|
| A-14.3.1 |
Confidence in one’s capacities °of observation / of
analysis° of little known or unknown languages
|
close
A 15 Sense of familiarity
| A-15 |
A feeling of familiarity
|
view subdescriptors
| A-15.1 |
A feeling of familiarity linked to °similarities /
proximities° °between languages / between cultures°
|
| A-15.2 |
Considering every °language / culture° as
“something” accessible (some aspects of which are already
known)
|
| A-15.2.1 |
A (progressive) feeling of familiarity with new °characteristics
/ practices° of a linguistic or cultural order {new sound systems,
new ways of writing, new behaviours …}
|
close
A 16 Identity
| A-16 |
Assuming one’s own (linguistic / cultural) identity
|
view subdescriptors
| A-16.1 |
Being sensitive °to the complexity / to the diversity° of
the rapport which every person has with °language(s) /
culture(s)°
|
| A-16.1.1 |
Readiness to consider one’s own relation to different
°languages / cultures° in view of °its history / its
actual situation in the world°
|
| A-16.2 |
Accepting a social identity in which °the language(s) one speaks
/ the culture(s) one ascribes to° occupy an (important) position
|
| A-16.2.1 |
Assuming oneself [seeing oneself] as a member of a °social /
cultural / linguistic° community (eventually communities)
|
| A-16.2.2 |
Accepting a °bi/plurilingual / bi/pluricultural° identity
|
| A-16.2.3 |
Considering that a °bi/plurilingual / bi/pluricultural°
identity is an asset
|
| A-16.3 |
Considering one’s own historical identity with °confidence
/ pride° but also while respecting other identities
|
| A-16.3.1 |
Respect of oneself, irrespective of which °language(s) /
culture(s)° {minority / denigrated° °language(s) /
culture(s)°} one belongs to
|
| A-16.4 |
Being attentive [vigilant] to the dangers of cultural
°impoverishment / alienation° that contact with another /
other (dominant) °language(s) / culture(s)° may bring about
|
| A-16.5 |
Being attentive [vigilant] to the possibilities of cultural
°openness / enrichment° that contact with another / other
°language(s) / culture(s)° may bring about
|
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Attitudes to learning
A 17 Sensitivity
| A-17 |
Sensitivity to experience
|
view subdescriptors
| A-17.1 |
Being sensitive to °the extent / the value / the interest°
of one’s own °linguistic / cultural° competences
|
| A-17.2 |
According value to °linguistic knowledge / skills°,
irrespective of the context in which they have been acquired
{°within school / outside school°}
|
| A-17.3 |
Being ready to learn from one’s errors
|
| A-17.4 |
Having confidence °in one’s own abilities at language
learning / in one’s abilities to extend one’s own
linguistic competences°
|
close
A 18 Motivation
| A-18 |
A motivation to learn languages (/of schooling / family / foreign /
regional … )
|
view subdescriptors
| A-18.1 |
A positive attitude towards the learning of languages (and the
speakers who speak them)
|
| A-18.1.1 |
Interest in the learning of °language / languages° of
schooling <especially for allophone learners>
|
| A-18.1.2 |
A wish to perfect one’s mastery of °the maternal language
/ the language of schooling°
|
| A-18.1.3 |
A desire to learn other languages
|
| A-18.1.4 |
An interest in the learning of languages other than those for which
teaching is actually available
|
| A-18.1.5 |
An interest in the learning of languages less or little taught in
formal schooling
|
| A-18.2 |
An interest for °more conscious / more programmed°
linguistic learning
|
| A-18.3 |
Being disposed to follow up the linguistic learning started within a
formal teaching context in an autonomous fashion
|
| A-18.4 |
Disposition to learn languages throughout one’s life
|
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A 19 Willingness to learn
| A-19 |
Attitudes aiming to construct pertinent and informed representations
for learning
|
view subdescriptors
| A-19.1 |
Disposition to modify one’s own °knowledge /
representations° of the learning of languages when these appear to
be unfavourable to learning (negative prejudice)
|
| A-19.2 |
Interest °in learning techniques / in one’s own learning
style°
|
| A-19.2.1 |
Self-questioning on °adapted / specific° comprehension
strategies used when faced with an unknown °language / code°.
|
close