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   A framework of reference for pluralistic approaches

Descriptors with graphical conventions

This version is not as easy to read, but allows for a better visualization of the descriptor's structure, and disambiguates parentheses.
Knowledge with graphical conventions
Attitudes with graphical conventions
Skills with graphical conventions

Attitudes

A1 Attention

• to foreign languages, cultures and/or persons
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity in the environment
• to language in general
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity  in general

A-1 Attention Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceto « foreign » °languages / cultures / persons° --> to °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity in the environment to language in general to °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity in general [as such]

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A-1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAttention °to language (to semiotic manifestations) / to cultures / to persons° in general
A-1.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceAttention to verbal and nonverbal signs of communication
A-1.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource°Considering / apprehending° °linguistic / cultural° phenomena as an object of °observation / reflection°
A-1.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAttention to [paying attention to] the formal aspects of ° language in general / particular languages / cultures°
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A2 Sensitivity

A-2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity °°to the existence of other °languages / cultures / persons° // to the existence of °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity°°

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A-2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity towards one’s own °language / culture° and other °languages / cultures°
 
A-2.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceSensitivity to °linguistic / cultural° differences
A-2.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing aware of different aspects of °language / culture° which may vary °from language to language / from culture to culture°
A-2.2.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the diversity of °linguistic universes {sounds, graphisms, syntactic organisations, etc.} / cultural universes {table manners, traffic laws, etc. }°
A-2.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the (local / regional / social / generational) variants of a same °language (dialects …) / culture°
A-2.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of traces of otherness in °a language (for example in loan words) / a culture°
 
A-2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to °linguistic / cultural° similarities
 
A-2.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing sensitive both to differences and to similarities between different °languages / cultures°
A-2.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the great diversity of manners of greeting, of initiating communication, of expressing temporality, of eating, of playing, etc., and being at the same time aware of the similarity of universal needs to which these manners answer
 
A-2.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to plurilingualism and to pluriculturalism in the immediate or remote environment
A-2.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the °linguistic / cultural° diversity of society
A-2.5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the °linguistic / cultural° diversity of the classroom
A-2.5.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the diversity of °languages / cultures° present in the classroom (when these are set side by side with one’s own °linguistic / cultural° °practices / knowledge°)
 
A-2.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to the relativity of °linguistic / cultural° uses
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A3 Curiosity

A-3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceCuriosity about / Interest in °° “foreign” °languages / cultures / persons° --> // pluricultural contexts // the °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity of the environment // °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity in general [as such] °°

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A-3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceCuriosity about a °multilingual / multicultural° environment
 
A-3.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceCuriosity about discovering how (one’s own / other) °language(s) / culture(s)° work(s)
A-3.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceBeing curious about (and wishing) to understand the similarities and differences between one’s own °language / culture° and the target °language / culture°
 
A-3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceInterest in discovering other perspectives of interpretation of °familiar / unfamiliar° phenomena both in one’s own culture (language) and in other °cultures (languages) / cultural (linguistic) practices°
 
A-3.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceInterest in understanding what happens in intercultural / plurilingual interactions
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A4 Acceptance

A-4 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourcePositive acceptance °°of °linguistic / cultural° diversity / of others / of what is different °°

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A-4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceMastery of one’s °resistances / reticence° towards what is °linguistically / culturally° different
 
A-4.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the fact that another °language / culture° may function differently from one’s °language / culture°
A-4.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the fact that another language can organise the construction of meaning on °phonological and semantic distinctions / syntactic constructions° which differ from those of one’s own language
A-4.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the fact that another culture may make use of different cultural behaviours (/table manners / rituals / …)
 
A-4.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the fact that another °language / culture° may include elements which differ from those of one’s own language
A-4.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the existence of °sounds <phonemes> / prosodic and accentual forms° which differ from those of one’s own language
A-4.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the existence of signs and typographies which differ from those of one’s own language {inverted commas, accents, “ß” in German, etc.}
A-4.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceAccepting the existence of cultural features {institutions (educational, judiciary …), traditions (meals, feasts …) artefacts (clothes, tools, food, games, habitat …)} which may differ from those of one’s own culture
 
A-4.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting the existence of °other modes of interpretation of reality / other value systems° (linguistic implicits, the meaning of behaviours, etc.)

A-4.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAcceptance [Recognition] of the importance of all °languages / cultures° and the different places they occupy
A-4.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°Acceptance [Recognition] / Taking into account of the value° of all the °languages / cultures° in the classroom
A-4.5.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Positive acceptance of minority °languages / cultures° in the classroom
 
A-4.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReacting without an a priori negative slant to (the functioning of) *bilingual talk* <ways of speaking which resort to two (or more) languages used alternately, essentially between speakers sharing the same plurilingual repertoire>
 
A-4.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReacting without an a priori negative slant to “mixed” cultural practices (integrating elements from several cultures: musical, culinary, religious, etc.)
 
A-4.8 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceAccepting the spread and the complexity of °linguistic / cultural° differences (and, consequently, the fact that one cannot know everything)
A-4.8.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceAcceptance [Recognition] of the °linguistic / cultural° complexity of °individual / collective° identities as a legitimate characteristic of groups and societies
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A5 Openness

A-5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness °°to the diversity °of languages / people / cultures° of the world / to diversity as such [to difference itself] [to alterity] °°

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A-5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceEmpathy [Openness] to alterity
 
A-5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness to allophonic speakers (and their languages)
 
A-5.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness to °languages / cultures°
A-5.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness towards °languages / cultures° which are viewed with less regard {minority °languages / cultures°, °languages / cultures° belonging to migrants …}
A-5.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceOpenness towards foreign °languages / cultures° taught at school
A-5.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness towards the unfamiliar (linguistic or cultural)
A-5.3.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing open (and mastering one’s own eventual resistances) to what seems incomprehensible and different
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A6 Respect

A-6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°Respect / Regard° for ° “foreign” / “different”° °languages / cultures / persons°
for the °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity of the environment
for °linguistic / cultural / human° diversity as such [in general]

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A-6.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceRespect for differences and diversity (in a plurilingual and pluricultural environment)
 
A-6.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceValuing [appreciating] °linguistic / cultural° contacts
A-6.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering that loans from other °languages / cultures° become part of the reality of a °language / culture° and may contribute to enriching it
 
A-6.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving regard for [valuing] bilingualism
 
A-6.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering all languages as equal in dignity
 
A-6.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving respect for human dignity and equality of human rights for everybody
A-6.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceRespecting [valuing] each individual’s language and culture
A-6.5.2
 		 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceConsidering each °language / culture° as a means of human development, of social inclusion and as an indispensable condition in the exercise of citizenship
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°Disposition / Motivation / Will / Desire° to engage in activity related to °languages / cultures° and to the diversity of languages and cultures

A 7 Disposition/Motivation

A-7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceDisposition / motivation with respect to °linguistic / cultural° °diversity / plurality°

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A-7.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceDisposition to °plurilingual / pluricultural° socialisation
 
A-7.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to engage in pluralistic (verbal / non verbal) communication while following the rituals and conventions appropriate to the context
A-7.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to try to communicate in the language of others and to behave in a manner considered appropriate by others
 
A-7.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to face difficulties linked to °plurilingual / pluricultural° situations and interactions
A-7.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAbility to deal (confidently) that which is °new / strange° °°in the °linguistic / cultural° behaviour / in the cultural values°° of others
A-7.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to accept the anxiety which is inherent to °plurilingual / pluricultural° situations and interactions
A-7.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceReadiness to live °linguistic / cultural° experiences which do not conform to one’s expectations
A-7.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to experience a threat to one’s identity [to feel disindividualised]
A-7.3.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceReadiness to be considered as an outsider
 
A-7.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceDisposition to share one’s °linguistic / cultural° knowledge with others
 
A-7.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceMotivation to °study / compare° the functioning of different °languages {structures, vocabulary, systems of writing …} / cultures°
A-7.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceMotivation for the observation and analysis of more or less unfamiliar °linguistic / cultural° phenomena
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A 8 Willingness/Desire

A-8 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource°A wish / will° °to be involved / to act° °°in connection with linguistic or cultural diversity / plurality // in a plurilingual or pluriculural environment°°

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A-8.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to take up the challenge of °linguistic / cultural° diversity (going beyond simple tolerance, towards deeper levels of understanding and respect, towards acceptance)
 
A-8.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceParticipating consciously in the construction of one’s own °plurilingual / pluricultural° competence / Volontary involvement in the development of the process of °plurilingual / pluricultural° socialisation
 
A-8.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to °build / to participate in° a shared language culture (built on knowledge, values and attitudes to language, shared in general by a community)
 
A-8.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to construct a language culture solidly based on “tested” knowledge of languages and language
A-8.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA commitment to have at one’s disposal a linguistic culture which helps to better understand languages {where languages come from, how they evolve, what makes them similar or different, …}
A-8.4.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceThe will to °verbalise / discuss° representations one may have of certain linguistic phenomena (/loans / “mixing” of languages/…)
 
A-8.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA wish to discover °other languages / other cultures / other peoples°
A-8.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA wish to encounter °other languages / other cultures / other peoples° linked to the personal or family history of persons one knows
 
A-8.6 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource°A will / A wish° °to be involved in communication with persons from different cultures / to come into contact with others°
A-8.6.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to interact with members of the receiving °culture / language° <not avoiding members of this °culture / language° / not seeking only the company of members of one’s own culture>
A-8.6.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to try to understand the differences °in behaviour / in values / in attitudes° of members of the receiving culture
A-8.6.3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceA will to establish a relationship of equality in °plurilingual / pluricultural° interactions
A-8.6.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA commitment to helping persons from another °culture / language°
A-8.6.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceAccepting help from persons of another °culture / language°
 
A-8.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will [A commitment] to assume the °implications / consequences° of one’s decisions and behaviours <ethical dimension, responsibility>
 
A-8.8 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to learn from others (°their language / their culture°)
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Attitudes / stances of : questioning – distanciation – decentration – relativisation

A9 - Questioning

A-9 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°An attitude of critical questioning / a critical position° towards language / culture in general

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A-9.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to ask questions relative to °languages / cultures°

A-9.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering °° °languages / cultures° // °linguistic / cultural° diversity // °linguistic / cultural° “mixes” // the learning of languages // their importance // their utility …°° as issues about which questions and discussions may arise
A-9.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering the way languages and their different units {phonemes / words / sentences / texts} function as an object of analysis and reflection
A-9.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering the way cultures and their domains {institutions / rituals / uses} as an object of analysis and reflection
A-9.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering one’s own representations and attitudes towards °bilingualism / plurilingualism / cultural mixing° as an object of analysis and reflection
A-9.2.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving a critical attitude in respect of °the role of language in social relations {of power, inequality, the attribution of identity …} / the socio-political aspects linked to the functions and statuses of languages°
A-9.2.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving a critical attitude to the use of language as an instrument of manipulation
 
A-9.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to question the values and presuppositions of the cultural products and practices °of one’s own environment / of other cultural contexts°
A-9.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAbility to assume a critical distance from information and opinions produced by °media / common sense / one’s interlocutors° °about one’s own community / about other communities°
 
A-9.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA critical attitude to °one’s own values [norms] / the values [norms] of others°
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A 10 Willingness

A-10 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to construct « informed » °knowledge / representations°

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A-10.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to possess a °more considered / less normative° view of °linguistic / cultural° phenomena {loans / linguistic or cultural mixes / etc.}
 
A-10.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will °to take complexity into account / to avoid generalisations° about every object concerned in the field of languages and cultures
A-10.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to possess a differentiated view of different forms and types of plurilingualism
 
A-10.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to take a critical distance from conventional attitudes about / concerning cultural differences
 
A-10.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to °overcome barriers / to be open° in relation to °languages / cultures / communication° in general
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A 11 Disposition to suspend judgement

A-11 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°A disposition / A will° to suspend °one’s judgement / one’s acquired representations / one’s prejudices°

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A-11.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource°°Being disposed to distance oneself from one’s own °language / culture° // look at one’s own language from the outside°°
 
A-11.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceDisposition to suspend judgement about °one’s own culture / other cultures°
 
A-11.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to combat (/deconstruct / overcome /) one’s prejudices towards other °languages / cultures° and their °speakers / members°
A-11.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing attentive to one’s own negative reactions towards °cultural / linguistic / ° differences {fears, contempt, disgust, superiority…}
A-11.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing ready to adopt attitudes to diversity which conform to knowledge one °may acquire / may have acquired° from it
A-11.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceTaking a view of languages as °dynamic / evolutive / hybrid° (as opposed to the notion of the “purity of language”)
A-11.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing ready to discard one’s prejudices about languages which have been marginalized (/regional languages / the languages of migrant learners / sign languages / … /)
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A 12 Disposition toward process of relativisation

A-12 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceDisposition to starting a process of °linguistic / cultural° °decentration / relativisation°

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A-12.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing ready to distance oneself from one’s own cultural perspective and to be attentive to the effects that this may have on one’s perception of phenomena
 
A-12.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting to suspend (even provisionally) or to question one’s °(verbal or other) practices / behaviours / values …° and adopt (even provisionally in a reversible manner) °behaviours / attitudes / values° other than those which have so far constituted one’s linguistic and cultural “identity”
A-12.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to decentre oneself relative to °the maternal language and culture / the language and culture of the school°
A-12.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to put oneself in the place of the other
 
A-12.3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceDisposition to go beyond evidence developed in relation with the mother °language / culture° in order to comprehend °languages / cultures°, whichever these may be {better understanding the way they function}
 
A-12.4 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceDisposition to reflect upon the differences between °languages / cultures° and upon the relative nature of one’s own °linguistic / cultural° system
A-12.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceReadiness to distance oneself from formal similarities
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Readiness to adapt / Self-confidence / Sense of familiarity

A 13 Readiness to adapt

A-13 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°° °A will / disposition° to adapt oneself / Flexibility°°

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A-13.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will °to adapt / to be flexible in° one’s own behaviour when interacting with persons who are °linguistically / culturally° different from oneself
 
A-13.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to go through the different stages of the process of adaptation to another culture
A-13.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceThe will to (try to) manage the °frustrations / emotions° created by one’s participation in another culture
A-13.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceThe will to adapt one’s own behaviour to what one °knows / learns° about communication in the host culture
 
A-13.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to face different manners of °perception / expression / behaviour°
 
A-13.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceTolerating ambiguity
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A 14 Self Confidence

A-14 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving self-confidence / Feeling at ease

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A-14.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceFeeling capable of facing °the complexity / the diversity° of °contexts / speakers°
 
A-14.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing self-confident in a situation of communication (°expression / reception / interaction / mediation°)
 
A-14.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving confidence in one’s own abilities in relation to languages (/their study / their use/)
A-14.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceConfidence in one’s capacities °of observation / of analysis° of little known or unknown languages
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A 15 Sense of familiarity

A-15 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA feeling of familiarity

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A-15.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA feeling of familiarity linked to °similarities / proximities° °between languages / between cultures°
 
A-15.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceConsidering every °language / culture° as “something” accessible (some aspects of which are already known)
A-15.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA (progressive) feeling of familiarity with new °characteristics / practices° of a linguistic or cultural order {new sound systems, new ways of writing, new behaviours …}
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A 16 Identity

A-16 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAssuming one’s own (linguistic / cultural) identity

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A-16.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing sensitive °to the complexity / to the diversity° of the rapport which every person has with °language(s) / culture(s)°
A-16.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceReadiness to consider one’s own relation to different °languages / cultures° in view of °its history / its actual situation in the world°
 
A-16.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting a social identity in which °the language(s) one speaks / the culture(s) one ascribes to° occupy an (important) position
A-16.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceAssuming oneself [seeing oneself] as a member of a °social / cultural / linguistic° community (eventually communities)
A-16.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccepting a °bi/plurilingual / bi/pluricultural° identity
A-16.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering that a °bi/plurilingual / bi/pluricultural° identity is an asset
 
A-16.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering one’s own historical identity with °confidence / pride° but also while respecting other identities
A-16.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceRespect of oneself, irrespective of which °language(s) / culture(s)° {minority / denigrated° °language(s) / culture(s)°} one belongs to
 
A-16.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing attentive [vigilant] to the dangers of cultural °impoverishment / alienation° that contact with another / other (dominant) °language(s) / culture(s)° may bring about
 
A-16.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing attentive [vigilant] to the possibilities of cultural °openness / enrichment° that contact with another / other °language(s) / culture(s)° may bring about
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Attitudes to learning

A 17 Sensitivity

A-17 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to experience

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A-17.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing sensitive to °the extent / the value / the interest° of one’s own °linguistic / cultural° competences
 
A-17.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAccording value to °linguistic knowledge / skills°, irrespective of the context in which they have been acquired {°within school / outside school°}
 
A-17.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to learn from one’s errors
 
A-17.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving confidence °in one’s own abilities at language learning / in one’s abilities to extend one’s own linguistic competences°
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A 18 Motivation

A-18 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA motivation to learn languages (/of schooling / family / foreign / regional … )

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A-18.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA positive attitude towards the learning of languages (and the speakers who speak them)
A-18.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceInterest in the learning of °language / languages° of schooling <especially for allophone learners>
A-18.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA wish to perfect one’s mastery of °the maternal language / the language of schooling°
A-18.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA desire to learn other languages
A-18.1.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAn interest in the learning of languages other than those for which teaching is actually available
A-18.1.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAn interest in the learning of languages less or little taught in formal schooling
 
A-18.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAn interest for °more conscious / more programmed° linguistic learning
 
A-18.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing disposed to follow up the linguistic learning started within a formal teaching context in an autonomous fashion
 
A-18.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceDisposition to learn languages throughout one’s life
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A 19 Willingness to learn

A-19 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAttitudes aiming to construct pertinent and informed representations for learning

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A-19.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceDisposition to modify one’s own °knowledge / representations° of the learning of languages when these appear to be unfavourable to learning (negative prejudice)
 
A-19.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceInterest °in learning techniques / in one’s own learning style°
A-19.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSelf-questioning on °adapted / specific° comprehension strategies used when faced with an unknown °language / code°.
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Graphical conventions

°x / y° either x, or y (y is not a sub-set of x)
Can identify cultural specificities / features
Can °observe/ analyse° linguistic forms and functions
°x [y]° terminological variants considered to be (quasi) equivalent
Can °identify [recognise]° ° simple phonetic elements [sounds]°
x (/ y/ z/) either x, or y, or z (y and z being sub-sets of x)
Can analyse interpretation schemas (/stereotypes /)
{…} list of examples (not to be confused with sub-sets of the object!)
Can identify [recognise] basic graphic signs {letters, ideograms, punctuation marks…}
Shows awareness of cultural diversity {table manners, highway codes…}
*x* <…> explanation of a term
Can perceive the *indirect* lexical closeness between features of two languages <on the basis of closeness with terms of the same family of words>
<…> all other explanations / additional information (or note)
Make efforts to combat one’s own reservations towards what is different <applies to both languages and culture>
(…) optional part (in contrast with <…>, the part between (…) is part of the descriptor).
Be receptive to the enrichment which can be engendered by confronting °different languages / different cultures / different peoples° (especially when these are linked to the personal or family history of pupils in the class)
  Pluralistic approaches are ...
 ... useful
 ... important
 ... essential
  ... for the development of this resource.