S 1 - Can observe or analyse

S 1	Can observe or analyse linguistic elements or cultural phenomena in languages or cultures which are more or less familiar

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S 1.1	Can make use of or master the processes of observation or analysis (e.g. breaking down into elements, classifying, establishing relationships between them)
S 1.1.1	Can use inductive approaches in the analysis of linguistic or cultural phenomena
S 1.1.2	Can formulate hypotheses in view of an analysis of linguistic or cultural phenomena
S 1.1.3	Can resort to a known language or culture with a view to developing an analysis of another language or culture
S 1.1.4	Can resort to observing different languages or cultures simultaneously in order to formulate hypotheses for analysing phenomena in a particular language or culture

 

S 1.2	Can observe and analyse sounds (in languages little known or not at all)
S 1.2.1	Can listen attentively or in a selective manner to productions in different languages
S 1.2.2	Can isolate sounds (or phonemes)
S 1.2.3	Can isolate or segment syllables
S 1.2.4	Can analyse a phonological system (e.g. isolate, classify units, etc.)

 

S 1.3	Can observe or analyse writing systems (in languages little known or not known at all)
S 1.3.1	Can isolate units of script (e.g. sentences, words, minimal units)
S 1.3.2	Where these exist, can establish correspondences between script and sound
S 1.3.2.1	Can decipher a text written in an unfamiliar script once the units have been isolated and the grapho-phonetic correspondences have been established

 

S 1.4	Can observe or analyse syntactic and/or morphological structures
S 1.4.1	Can divide compound words into their constituent words
S 1.4.2	Can analyse a syntactic structure in an unfamiliar language once it is repeated using different lexical units
S 1.4.3	Can access, at least partially, the meaning of an utterance in a little known or unknown language by identifying words and by analysing the syntactic morphosyntactic structure of that utterance

 

S 1.5	Can analyse pragmatic functions (in a less known or familiar language or in an unknown or unfamiliar language)
S 1.5.1	Can analyse the links between pragmatic forms and functions (or speech acts)
S 1.5.2	Can analyse the relationship between form and context or situation
S 1.5.3	Can analyse the relationship between form and interaction

 

S 1.6

Can analyse communicative repertoires which are plurilingual or take place in a plurilingual situation

 

S 1.7	Can analyse the cultural origin of different aspects of communication
S 1.7.1	Can analyse misunderstandings due to cultural differences
S 1.7.2	Can analyse schemata used for interpreting behaviour (e.g. stereotypes)

 

 

S 1.8

Can analyse the cultural origins of certain behaviours

 

S 1.9

Can analyse specific social phenomena as being the consequence of cultural difference

 

S 1.10

Can develop a system of interpretation which enables one to perceive the particular characteristics of a culture (e.g. meanings, beliefs, cultural practices, etc.)

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S 2 - Can recognise or identify

S 2	Can identify (recognise) linguistic elements or cultural phenomena in languages or cultures which are more or less familiar

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S 2.1	Can identify (or recognise) sound forms (or has aural recognition skills)
S 2.1.1	Can identify (or recognise) simple phonetic elements (or sounds)
S 2.1.2	Can identify (or recognise) prosodic units
S 2.1.3	Can identify (or recognise) a morpheme or a word while listening

 

S 2.2	Can identify (or recognise) written forms
S 2.2.1	Can identify (or recognise) elementary graphic forms (e.g. letters, ideograms, punctuation marks, etc.)
S 2.2.2	Can identify (or recognise) a morpheme or a word in the written form of familiar or unfamiliar languages

 

S 2.3	Can make use of linguistic evidence to identify (or recognise) words of different origin
S 2.3.1	Can identify (or recognise) loans or words of international origin or regionalisms

 

S 2.4

Can identify (or recognise) grammatical categories, functions or markers (e.g. article, possessive, gender, time, plural, etc.)

 

S 2.5	Can identify languages on the basis of identification of linguistic forms
S 2.5.1	Can identify languages on the basis of phonological evidence
S 2.5.2	Can identify languages on the basis of graphic evidence
S 2.5.3	Can identify languages on the basis of known words or expressions
S 2.5.4	Can identify languages on the basis of known grammatical markers

 

S 2.6

Can identify pragmatic functions

 

S 2.7

Can identify discourse types

 

S 2.8	Can identify (or recognise) cultural specificities, references or affiliations
S 2.8.1	Can identify (or recognise) cultural specificities, references or affiliations of other pupils in the class or of other members of a group
S 2.8.2	Can identify (or recognise) one’s own cultural specificities, references or affiliations

 

S 2.9	Can identify (or recognise) communicative variations engendered by cultural differences
S 2.9.1	Can identify the risks of misunderstanding due to differences between communicative cultures

 

S 2.10

Can identify (or recognise) specific forms of behaviour linked to cultural differences

 

S 2.11

Can identify (or recognise) cultural prejudice

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S 3 - Can compare

S 3	Can compare linguistic or cultural features of different languages or cultures (or, can perceive or establish linguistic or cultural proximity and distance)

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S 3.1	Can apply procedures for making comparisons
S 3.1.1	Can establish similarity and difference between languages or cultures from observation, analysis, identification or recognition of some of their components
S 3.1.2	Can formulate hypotheses about linguistic or cultural proximity or distance
S 3.1.3	Can use a range of different criteria to establish linguistic or cultural proximity or distance

 

S 3.2	Can perceive proximity and distance between sounds (or can discriminate aurally)
S 3.2.1	Can perceive proximity and distance between simple phonetic features (or sounds)
S 3.2.2	Can perceive proximity and distance between prosodic features
S 3.2.3	Can perceive proximity and distance between sounds at morpheme or word level
S 3.2.4	Can compare languages aurally

 

S 3.3	Can perceive proximity or distance between graphic forms
S 3.3.1	Can perceive similarities and differences between graphic forms
S 3.3.2	Can perceive proximity and distance between graphic features at morpheme or word level
S 3.3.3	Can compare scripts used by two or several languages

 

S 3.4	Can perceive lexical proximity
S 3.4.1	Can perceive direct lexical proximity
S 3.4.2	Can perceive indirect lexical proximity (i.e. using proximity between terms of the same family of words in one of the languages involved)
S 3.4.3	Can compare the form of loan words with their form in their original language

 

S 3.5	Can perceive global similarities between two or several languages
S 3.5.1	Can formulate hypotheses about whether languages are related on the basis of similarities between them

 

S 3.6

Can compare the relationships between sounds and script in different languages

 

S 3.7	Can compare the grammatical functioning of different languages
S 3.7.1	Can compare sentence structures in different languages

 

S 3.8

Can compare grammatical functions of different languages

 

S 3.9	Can compare communicative cultures
S 3.9.1	Can compare discourse types in different languages
S 3.9.1.1	Can compare discourse types in one’s own language with discourse types in another language
S 3.9.2	Can compare the communicative repertoires used in different languages and cultures
S 3.9.2.1	Can compare one’s own language repertoires or behaviours with those of speakers of other languages
S 3.9.2.2.	Can compare one’s own non verbal communication practices with those of others

 

S 3.10	Can compare cultural phenomena (or perceive the cultural proximity or distance)
S 3.10.1	Can use a range of criteria to recognise cultural proximity or distance
S 3.10.2	Can perceive differences or similarities in different aspects of social life (e.g. living conditions, working life, participation in activities of charities, respect for the environment, etc.)
S 3.10.3	Can compare meanings or connotations corresponding to cultural features (e.g. a comparison of the concept of time , etc.)
S 3.10.4	Can compare different cultural practices
S 3.10.5	Can relate documents or events from another culture to documents or events in one’s own culture

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S 4 - Can talk about languages and cultures

S 4	Can talk about or explain certain aspects of one’s own language, one’s culture, other languages or other cultures

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S 4.1	Can construct explanations: for a foreign interlocutor about a feature of one’s own culture; for an interlocutor from one’s own culture about a feature of another culture
S 4.1.1	Can talk about cultural prejudices

 

S 4.2

Can explain misunderstandings

 

S 4.3

Can explain one’s own knowledge of languages

 

S 4.4

Can argue about cultural diversity (e.g. advantages, disadvantages, difficulties, etc.) and construct one’s own opinion about this

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S 5 - Can use what one knows of a language in order to understand another language or to produce in another language

S 5	Can use knowledge and skills already mastered in one language in activities of comprehension or production in another language

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S 5.1

Can construct a set of hypotheses or a “hypothetical grammar” about affinities or differences between languages

 

S 5.2	Can identify “transfer bases” (i.e. element of a language which allows a transfer of knowledge between languages (interlingual) or within a language (intralingual))
S 5.2.1	Can compare “transfer bases” in the target language with those in languages which are mentally activated (i.e. whose elements come to mind faced with a task)

 

S 5.3	Can make interlingual transfers (e.g. transfers of recognition (i.e. which establish a link between an identified feature of a known language and a feature one seeks to identify in an unfamiliar language) or transfers of production (i.e. an activity of language production in an unfamiliar language)) from a known language to an unfamiliar one
S 5.3.1	Can carry out transfers of form (or set in motion transfer processes) based on interphonological and intergraphemic characteristics or regularities and irregularities
S 5.3.2	Can carry out transfers of (semantic) content (i.e. can recognise core meanings within correspondences of meaning)
S 5.3.3	Can establish grammatical regularities in an unfamiliar language on the basis of grammatical regularities in a familiar language or carry out transfers at grammatical level (e.g. transfers of function)
S 5.3.4	Can establish pragmatic transfers (i.e. can establish a link between communicative conventions in one’s own language and those in another language)

 

S 5.4

Can carry out intralingual transfers (preceding or following interlingual transfers)

 

S 5.5

Can check the validity of transfers which have been made

 

S 5.6

Can identify one’s own reading strategies in the first language (L1) and apply them to the second language (L2)

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S 6 - Can Interact

S 6	Can interact in situations of contact between languages or cultures

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S 6.1	Can communicate in bi/plurilingual groups taking into account the repertoire of one’s interlocutors
S 6.1.1	Can reformulate ( e.g. by simplifying the structure of the utterance, by varying the vocabulary or by making an effort to pronounce more clearly)
S 6.1.2	Can discuss strategies for interaction

 

S 6.2	Can ask for help when communicating in bi/plurilingual groups
S 6.2.1	Can ask an interlocutor to reformulate what has been said
S 6.2.2	Can ask an interlocutor to repeat what has been said in a simpler way
S 6.2.3	Can ask an interlocutor to switch to another language

 

S 6.3	Can communicate while taking sociolinguistic or sociocultural differences into account
S 6.3.1	Can use formulae of politeness appropriately
S 6.3.2	Can use forms of address appropriately
S 6.3.3	Can resort to different speech registers according to the situation
S 6.3.4	Can use metaphoric or idiomatic expressions or formulae in accordance with the cultural background of one’s interlocutors

 

S 6.4	Can communicate "between languages"
S 6.4.1	Can give an account in one language of information encountered in another language or other languages
S 6.4.1.1	Can present a commentary or exposé in one language based on a plurilingual set of documents

 

S 6.5	Can activate bilingual or plurilingual communication in relevant situations
S 6.5.1	Can vary or alternate languages, linguistic codes or modes of communication
S 6.5.2	Can produce a text in which registers, varieties or languages alternate functionally (when the situation allows it)

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S 7 - Knows how to learn

S 7	Can appropriate the knowledge of (or can learn) linguistic features or usage or cultural references or behaviours which belong to more or less familiar languages and cultures

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S 7.1	Can memorise unfamiliar features
S 7.1.1	Can memorise unfamiliar aural features (e.g. simple phonetic units, prosodic units, words, etc.)
S 7.1.2	Can memorise features of unfamiliar graphic elements (e.g. letters, ideograms, words, etc.)

 

S 7.2	Can reproduce unfamiliar features of a language
S 7.2.1	Can reproduce unfamiliar aural features (e.g. simple phonetic units, prosodic features, words, etc.)
S 7.2.2	Can reproduce features of unfamiliar graphic elements (e.g. letters, ideograms, words, etc.)

 

S 7.3	Can gain from previously acquired knowledge about languages and cultures during learning
S 7.3.1	Can gain from previous intercultural experiences to enrich one's own intercultural competence
S 7.3.2	Can use knowledge and skills acquired in one language to learn another
S 7.3.3	Can use knowledge and skills acquired in one language to develop one’s own knowledge and skills in that same language (through intralingual comparison, induction, deduction, etc.)

 

S 7.4

Can profit from transfers made (successfully or unsuccessfully) between a known language and another language in order to acquire features of that other language

 

S 7.5

Can get ownership of a system for identifying correspondences and non-correspondences between languages known to varying degrees

 

S 7.6	Can learn autonomously
S 7.6.1	Can make use of resources which facilitate learning in matters of languages and cultures
S 7.6.1.1	Can make use of linguistic tools of reference (e.g. bilingual dictionaries, grammar manuals, etc.)
S 7.6.1.2	Can resort to other persons in order to learn (e.g. can ask an interlocutor to correct mistakes or ask for information or explanations )

 

S 7.7	Can manage one’s own learning in a reflective manner
S 7.7.1	Can identify one’s own learning needs or objectives
S 7.7.2	Can deliberately apply learning strategies
S 7.7.3	Can benefit from previous learning experiences in new learning situations (or can transfer learning)
S 7.7.3.1	Can benefit from previous use of skills and knowledge in one’s own and other language(s) in learning a new language
S 7.7.4	Can observe or monitor one’s own learning process
S 7.7.4.1	Can identify progress or the lack of progress in one’s own learning
S 7.7.4.2	Can compare different methods of learning taking their successes or failures into account

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