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Accueil > Descriptors > Skills > Skills with graphical conventions

Descriptors with graphical conventions

This version is not as easy to read, but allows for a better visualization of the descriptor's structure, and disambiguates parentheses.
Knowledge with graphical conventions
Attitudes with graphical conventions
Skills with graphical conventions

Skills

S 1 - Can observe/analyse

S 1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can ° observe / analyse ° ° linguistic elements / cultural phenomena ° in ° languages / cultures ° which are more or less familiar

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S 1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °make use of / master° processes of °observation / analysis (/breaking down into elements / classifying / establishing relationships between them/)°
S 1.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan use inductive approaches in the analysis of °linguistic / cultural° phenomena
S 1.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan formulate hypotheses in view of an analysis of °linguistic / cultural° phenomena
S 1.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan resort to a known °language / culture° with a view to development of analysis of another °language / culture°
S 1.1.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan observe different °languages / cultures° simultaneously in order to formulate hypotheses analysing phenomena in a particular °language / culture°
 
S 1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °observe / analyse° sounds (in languages little known or not at all)
S 1.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan listen ° attentively / in a selective manner° to productions in different languages
S 1.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan isolate sounds [phonemes]
S 1.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan °isolate / segment° syllables
S 1.2.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan analyse a phonological system (/ isolate / classify units / …)
 
S 1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °observe / analyse° writing systems (in languages little known or not known at all
S 1.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can isolate units of script (/ sentences / words / minimal units /)
S 1.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceWhere these exist, can establish correspondences between script and sound
S 1.3.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan decipher a text written in an unfamiliar script once the units have been isolated and the grapho-phonetic correspondences have been established
 
S 1.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °observe / analyse° syntactic and / or morphological structures
S 1.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan divide compound words into their constituent words
S 1.4.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan analyse a syntactic structure in an unfamiliar language once it is repeated using different lexical units
S 1.4.3 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan accede, at least partially, to the meaning of an utterance in a little known or unknown language by identifying words and by analysing the ° syntactic / morphosyntactic ° structure of that utterance
 
S 1.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan analyse pragmatic functions (in a language which is little °known / familiar° or not °known / familiar° at all)
S 1.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan analyse the links between pragmatic forms and functions [speech acts]
S 1.5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan analyse the relationship between form and °context / situation°
S 1.5.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan analyse the relationship between form and interaction
 
S 1.6 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan analyse communicative repertoires which are °plurilingual / in a plurilingual situation°
 
S 1.7 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can analyse the cultural origin of different aspects of communication
S 1.7.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can analyse misunderstandings due to cultural differences
S 1.7.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan analyse schemata used for interpreting behaviour (/stereotypes/)

 

 
S 1.8 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan analyse the cultural origins of certain behaviours
 
S 1.9 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan analyse specific social phenomena as being the consequence of cultural difference
 
S 1.10 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan develop a system of interpretation which enables one to perceive the particular characteristics of a culture {meanings, beliefs, cultural practices …}
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S 2 - Can recognise / identify

S 2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° identify [recognise] ° ° linguistic elements / cultural phenomena ° in ° languages / cultures ° which are more or less familiar

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S 2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°°Can °identify [recognise]° sound forms [has aural recognition skills]°°
S 2.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° °simple phonetic elements [sounds]°
S 2.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° prosodic units
S 2.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° a morpheme or a word while listening
 
S 2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° written forms
S 2.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° elementary graphic forms {letters, ideograms, punctuation marks …}
S 2.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° °a morpheme / a word° in the written form of familiar or unfamiliar languages
 
S 2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan make use of linguistic evidence to °identify [recognise]° words of different origin
S 2.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° °loans / words of international origin / regionalisms°
 
S 2.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° grammatical °categories / functions / markers° {article, possessive, gender, time, plural …}
 
S 2.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify languages on the basis of identification of linguistic forms
S 2.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify languages on the basis of phonological evidence
S 2.5.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan identify languages on the basis of graphic evidence
S 2.5.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify languages on the basis of known °words / expressions°
S 2.5.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify languages on the basis of known grammatical markers
 
S 2.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify pragmatic functions
 
S 2.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify discourse types
 
S 2.8 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° cultural °specificities / references / affinities°
S 2.8.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° °specificities / references / affinities° in cultural features manifested by other pupils in the class / other members of a group°
S 2.8.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° °specificities of / references to / affinities of ° one’s own culture

 

S 2.9 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan °identify [recognise]° communicative variations engendered by cultural differences
S 2.9.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan identify the risks of misunderstanding due to differences between communicative cultures

 

S 2.10 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° identify [recognise]° specific forms of behaviour linked to cultural differences
 
S 2.11 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° identify [recognise] ° cultural prejudice
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S 3 - Can compare

S 3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can compare ° linguistic / cultural ° features of different ° languages / cultures ° [Can ° perceive / establish ° ° linguistic / cultural ° proximity and distance

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S 3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can apply procedures for making comparisons
S 3.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan establish similarity and difference between °languages / cultures° from °observation / analysis / identification / recognition° of some of their components
S 3.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan formulate hypotheses about linguistic or cultural °proximity / distance°
S 3.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan use a range of different criteria to establish linguistic or cultural °proximity / distance°
 
S 3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource°Can perceive proximity and distance between sounds [can discriminate aurally]°
S 3.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can perceive proximity and distance between °simple phonetic features [sounds]°
S 3.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can perceive proximity and distance between prosodic features
S 3.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can perceive proximity and distance between sounds at °morpheme / word° level
S 3.2.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can compare languages aurally
 
S 3.3 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan perceive proximity or distance between graphic forms
S 3.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan perceive similarities and differences between graphic forms
S 3.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan perceive proximity and distance between graphic features at °morpheme / word° level
S 3.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan compare scripts used by °two / several° languages
 
S 3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can perceive lexical proximity
S 3.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan perceive direct lexical proximity
S 3.4.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan perceive *indirect* lexical proximity <using proximity between terms of the same family of words in one of the languages involved>
S 3.4.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan compare the form of loan words with their form in their original language
 
S 3.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan perceive global similarities between °two / several° languages
S 3.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan formulate hypotheses about whether languages are related on the basis of similarities between them
 
S 3.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can compare the relationships between sounds and script in different languages
 
S 3.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan compare the grammatical functioning of different languages
S 3.7.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan compare sentence structures in different languages
 
S 3.8 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can compare grammatical functions of different languages
 
S 3.9 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can compare communicative cultures
S 3.9.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can compare discourse types in different languages
S 3.9.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can compare discourse types in one’s own language with discourse types in another language
S 3.9.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan compare the communicative repertoires used in different languages and cultures
S 3.9.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can compare one’s own language ° repertoires / behaviours ° with those of speakers of other languages
S 3.9.2.2. Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can compare one’s own non verbal communication practices with those of others
 
S 3.10 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° compare features of a culture [perceive the cultural proximity / distance ] °
S 3.10.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan use a range of criteria to recognise cultural °proximity / distance°
S 3.10.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan perceive differences or similarities in different aspects of social life {living conditions, working life, participation in civic activities, respect of the environment …}
S 3.10.3 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan compare °meanings / connotations° corresponding to cultural features {a comparison of the concept of time …}
S 3.10.4 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan compare different cultural practices
S 3.10.5 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resourceCan relate °documents / events° from another culture to °documents / events° in one’s own culture
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S 4 - Can talk about languages and cultures

S 4 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can ° talk about / explain ° certain aspects of ° one’s own language / one’s culture / other languages / other cultures °

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S 4.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan construct explanations °meant for a foreign interlocutor about a feature of one’s own culture / meant for an interlocutor from one’s own culture about a feature of another culture°
S 4.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan talk about cultural prejudices
 
S 4.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan explain misunderstandings
 
S 4.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan explain one’s own knowledge of languages
 
S 4.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan argue about cultural diversity {advantages, disadvantages, difficulties …} and construct °his / her° own opinion about it
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S 5 - Can use what one knows of a language in order to understand another language or to produce in another language

S 5 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can use knowledge and skills already mastered in one language in activities of ° comprehension / production ° in another language

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S 5.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan construct °a set of hypotheses / a "hypothetical grammar"° about affinities or differences between languages
 
S 5.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan identify *transfer bases* <element of a language which allow a transfer of knowledge °between languages [interlingual] / within a language [intralingual] °>
S 5.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan compare transfer points in the target language with those in languages which are mentally *activated* <whose features readily come to mind faced with a task>
 
S 5.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan make interlingual transfers (/transfers of recognition <which establish a link between an identified feature of a known language and a feature one seeks to identify in an unfamiliar language> / transfers of production <an activity of language production in an unfamiliar language>/) from a known language to an unfamiliar one
S 5.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan °carry out transfers of form [set in motion transfer processes]° based on interphonological and intergraphemic °characteristics / regularities and irregularities°
S 5.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan carry out *transfers of (semantic) content* <can recognise core meanings within correspondences of meaning>
S 5.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource°Can establish grammatical regularities in an unfamiliar language on the basis of grammatical regularities in a familiar language / can carry out transfers at grammatical level (/transfers of function /)°
S 5.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan establish *pragmatic transfers* <can establish a link between communicative conventions in one’s own language and those in another language>
 
S 5.4 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can carry out intralingual transfers ( ° preceding / following° interlingual transfers)
 
S 5.5 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can check the validity of transfers which have been made
 
S 5.6 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can identify one’s own reading strategies in the first language (L1) and apply them to the second language (L2)
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S 6 - Can Interact

S 6 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can interact in situations of contact between ° languages / cultures °

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S 6.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can communicate in bi/plurilingual groups taking into account the repertoire of one’s interlocutors
S 6.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can reformulate (/ by simplifying the structure of the utterance / by varying the vocabulary / by making an effort to pronounce more clearly/)
S 6.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can discuss strategies for interaction
 
S 6.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can ask for help when communicating in bi/plurilingual groups
S 6.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ask an interlocutor to reformulate what has been said
S 6.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ask an interlocutor to repeat what has been said in a simpler way
S 6.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ask an interlocutor to switch to another language
 
S 6.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can communicate while taking ° sociolinguistic / sociocultural ° differences into account
S 6.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan use formulae of politeness appropriately
S 6.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan use forms of address appropriately
S 6.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan resort to different speech registers according to the situation
S 6.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceCan use ° metaphoric / idiomatic ° ° expressions / formulae ° in accordance with the cultural background of one’s interlocutor
 
S 6.4 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can communicate "between languages"
S 6.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can give an account in one language of information met in °another language / other languages°
S 6.4.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can present a ° commentary / exposé° in one language based on a plurilingual set of documents
 
S 6.5 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can activate bilingual or plurilingual communication in relevant situations
S 6.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° vary / alternate ° ° languages / linguistic codes / modes of communication °
S 6.5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can produce a text in which ° registers / varieties / languages ° alternate functionally (when the situation allows it)
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S 7 - Knows how to learn

S 7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can ° assume ownership of [learn] ° ° linguistic features or usage / cultural references or behaviours ° which belong to more or less familiar ° languages and cultures °

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S 7.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can memorise unfamiliar features
S 7.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can memorise unfamiliar aural features {simple phonetic units, prosodic units, words …}
S 7.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are US EFUL for the development of this resource Can memorise features of unfamiliar graphic elements {letters, ideograms, words …}
 
S 7.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can reproduce unfamiliar features of a language
S 7.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan reproduce unfamiliar aural features {simple phonetic units, prosodic features, words …}
S 7.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resourceCan reproduce features of unfamiliar graphic elements {letters, ideograms, words …}
 
S 7.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can gain from previously acquired knowledge about languages and cultures during learning
S 7.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can gain from previous intercultural experiences to enrich °his / her° intercultural competence
S 7.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can use knowledge and skills acquired in one language to learn another
S 7.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can use knowledge and skills acquired in one language to develop °his / her° knowledge and skills in that same language (through intralingual comparison, induction, deduction …)
 
S 7.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can gain from from transfers made (/successful / unsuccessful/) between a known language and another language in order to acquire features of that other language
 
S 7.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can get ownership of a system for identifying correspondences and non-correspondences between languages known to varying degrees
 
S 7.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can learn autonomously
S 7.6.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can make use of resources which facilitate learning in matters of languages and cultures
S 7.6.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can make use of linguistic tools of reference {bilingual dictionaries, grammar manuals …}
S 7.6.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Can resort to other persons in order to learn (/can ask an interlocutor to correct mistakes / can ask for information or explanations/)
 
S 7.7 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can manage °his / her° learning in a reflective manner
S 7.7.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can identify °his / her° own learning ° needs / objectives °
S 7.7.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can deliberately apply learning strategies
S 7.7.3 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource ° Can benefit from previous learning experiences in new situations [Can transfer learning] °
S 7.7.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can benefit from previous use of skills and knowledge in °his / her / another / other° language(s) in learning a new language
S 7.7.4 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can ° observe / check ° °his / her° own learning process
S 7.7.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can observe ° progress / lack of progress ° in °his / her° own learning
S 7.7.4.2 Pluralistic approaches are ES S ENTIAL for the development of this resource Can compare different methods of learning taking their successes or failures into account
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  Pluralistic approaches are ...
 ... useful
 ... important
 ... essential
  ... for the development of this resource.

Graphical conventions

°x / y° either x, or y (y is not a sub-set of x)
Can identify cultural specificities / features
Can °observe/ analyse° linguistic forms and functions
°x [y]° terminological variants considered to be (quasi) equivalent
Can °identify [recognise]° ° simple phonetic elements [sounds]°
x (/ y/ z/) either x, or y, or z (y and z being sub-sets of x)
Can analyse interpretation schemas (/stereotypes /)
{…} list of examples (not to be confused with sub-sets of the object!)
Can identify [recognise] basic graphic signs {letters, ideograms, punctuation marks…}
Shows awareness of cultural diversity {table manners, highway codes…}
*x* <…> explanation of a term
Can perceive the *indirect* lexical closeness between features of two languages <on the basis of closeness with terms of the same family of words>
<…> all other explanations / additional information (or note)
Make efforts to combat one’s own reservations towards what is different <applies to both languages and culture>
(…) optional part (in contrast with <…>, the part between (…) is part of the descriptor).
Be receptive to the enrichment which can be engendered by confronting °different languages / different cultures / different peoples° (especially when these are linked to the personal or family history of pupils in the class)