A framework of reference for pluralistic approaches

Descriptors of resources

Attitudes

A1 Attention

• to foreign languages, cultures and/or persons
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity in the environment
• to language in general
• to linguistic, cultural and/or human diversity  in general

 

A-1 Attention Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceto "foreign" languages, cultures or persons; to linguistic, cultural or human diversity in the environment; to language in general; to linguistic, cultural or human diversity in general (as such)

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A-1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Attention to language (to semiotic manifestations), to cultures or to persons in general
A-1.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceAttention to verbal and nonverbal signs of communication
A-1.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Considering or apprehending linguistic or cultural phenomena as an object of observation or reflection
A-1.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Attention to (or paying attention to) the formal aspects of language in general, particular languages or cultures
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A2 Sensitivity

A-2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Sensitivity to the existence of other languages, cultures or persons or to the existence of linguistic, cultural or human diversity

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A-2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Sensitivity towards one’s own language or culture and other languages or cultures
 
A-2.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Sensitivity to linguistic or cultural differences
A-2.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Being aware of different aspects of language or culture which may vary from language to language or from culture to culture
A-2.2.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being aware of the diversity of linguistic universes (e.g. sounds, graphics, syntactic organisations, etc.) or cultural universes (e.g. table manners, traffic laws, etc.)
A-2.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing aware of the (local, regional, social or generational) variants of a same language (dialects, etc) or culture
A-2.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being aware of traces of otherness in a language (for example of loan words) or in a culture
 
A-2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Sensitivity to linguistic or cultural similarities
 
A-2.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being sensitive both to differences and to similarities between different languages or cultures
A-2.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being sensitive to the great diversity of manners of greeting, of initiating communication, of expressing temporality, of eating, of playing, etc., as well as to the similarity of universal needs to which these manners relate
 
A-2.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to plurilingualism and to pluriculturalism in the immediate or remote environment
A-2.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Being sensitive to (or aware of) the linguistic or cultural diversity of society
A-2.5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being sensitive to (or aware of) the linguistic or cultural diversity of the classroom
A-2.5.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being sensitive to the diversity of languages or cultures present in the classroom (when these are set side by side with one’s own linguistic or cultural practices or knowledge)
 
A-2.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Sensitivity to the relativity of linguistic or cultural uses
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A3 Curiosity

A-3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Curiosity about or interest in “foreign” languages, cultures, persons, in pluricultural contexts, in the linguistic, cultural and human diversity of the environment or in linguistic, cultural, human diversity in general (as such)

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A-3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Curiosity about a multilingual or multicultural environment
 
A-3.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Curiosity about discovering how (one’s own or other) language(s) or culture(s) work(s)
A-3.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Being curious about (and wishing) to understand the similarities and differences between one’s own language or culture and the target language or culture
 
A-3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Interest in discovering other perspectives of interpretation of familiar or unfamiliar phenomena both in one’s own culture (language) and in other cultures (languages) or cultural (linguistic) practices
 
A-3.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceInterest in understanding what happens in intercultural or plurilingual interactions
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A4 Acceptance

A-4 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Positive acceptance of linguistic or cultural diversity, of others or of what is different

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A-4.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Mastery of one’s resistances or reticence towards what is linguistically or culturally different
 
A-4.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the fact that another language or culture may function differently from one’s language or culture
A-4.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the fact that another language can organise the construction of meaning on phonological and semantic distinctions or syntactic constructions which differ from those of one’s own language
A-4.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the fact that another culture may make use of different cultural behaviours (e.g. table manners, rituals, etc.)
 
A-4.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the fact that another language or culture may include elements which differ from those of one’s own language or culture
A-4.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the existence of sounds (i.e. phonemes) or prosodic and accented forms which differ from those of one’s own language
A-4.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the existence of signs and typographies which differ from those of one’s own language (e.g. inverted commas, accents, “ß” in German, etc.)
A-4.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Accepting the existence of cultural features (e.g. institutions (educational, judiciary, etc. ), traditions (meals, celebrations, etc.) artefacts (clothes, tools, food, games, habitat, etc.)) which may differ from those of one’s own culture
 
A-4.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting the existence of other modes of interpretation of reality or other value systems (the expression of the implicit through language, the meaning of behaviours, etc.)

A-4.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Acceptance (or recognition) of the importance of all languages or cultures and the different places they occupy
A-4.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Acceptance (or recognition) or taking into account of the value of all the languages or cultures in the classroom
A-4.5.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourcePositive acceptance of minority languages or cultures in the classroom
 
A-4.6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Reacting without an a priori negative slant to (the functioning of) “bilingual talk” (i.e. way of speaking which resort to two (or more) languages used alternately, essentially between speakers sharing the same plurilingual repertoire)
 
A-4.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReacting without an a priori negative slant to “mixed” cultural practices (integrating elements from several cultures: musical, culinary, religious, etc.)
 
A-4.8 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Accepting the spread and the complexity of linguistic or cultural differences (and, consequently, the fact that one cannot know everything)
A-4.8.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Acceptance (or recognition) of the linguistic or cultural complexity of individual or collective identities as a legitimate characteristic of groups and societies
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A5 Openness

A-5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Openness to the diversity of languages, people or cultures of the world, to diversity as such (to difference itself, to alterity)

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A-5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Empathy with (openness to) alterity or otherness
 
A-5.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness to allophonic speakers (and their languages)
 
A-5.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Openness to languages or cultures
A-5.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Openness towards languages or cultures which are viewed with less regard (e.g. minority languages or cultures, languages or cultures belonging to migrants, etc.)
A-5.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Openness towards foreign languages and cultures taught at school
A-5.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceOpenness towards the unfamiliar (linguistic or cultural)
A-5.3.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing open (and mastering one’s own eventual resistances) to what seems incomprehensible and different
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A6 Respect

A-6 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource

Respect or regard for “foreign” or “different” languages, cultures or persons; for the linguistic, cultural or human diversity of the environment; for linguistic, cultural or human diversity as such (in general)

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A-6.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceRespect for differences and diversity (in a plurilingual and pluricultural environment)
 
A-6.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Valuing (or appreciating) linguistic or cultural contacts
A-6.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering that loans from other languages or cultures become part of the reality of a language or culture and may contribute to enriching it
 
A-6.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Having regard for (or valuing) bilingualism
 
A-6.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering all languages as equal in dignity
 
A-6.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving respect for human dignity and equality of human rights for everybody
A-6.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Respecting (or valuing) each individual’s language and culture
A-6.5.2
 
Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Considering each language or culture as a means of human development, of social inclusion and as an indispensable condition in the exercise of citizenship
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Disposition, motivation, will or desire to engage in activity related to languages or cultures, and to the diversity of languages and cultures

A 7 Disposition or motivation

A-7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Disposition or motivation with respect to linguistic or cultural diversity or plurality

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A-7.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Disposition motivation with respect to linguistic or cultural diversity or plurality
 
A-7.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to engage in pluralistic (verbal or non verbal) communication while following the rituals and conventions appropriate to the context
A-7.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceReadiness to try to communicate in the language of others and to behave in a manner considered appropriate by others
 
A-7.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Readiness to face difficulties linked to plurilingual or pluricultural situations and interactions
A-7.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Ability to deal (confidently) with what is new or strange in the linguistic or cultural behaviour or in the cultural values of others
A-7.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Readiness to accept the anxiety which is inherent in plurilingual or pluricultural situations and interactions
A-7.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Readiness to live linguistic or cultural experiences which do not conform to one’s expectations
A-7.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Readiness to experience a threat to one’s identity (or to feel loss of individuality)
A-7.3.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceReadiness to be considered as an outsider
 
A-7.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Disposition to share one’s linguistic or cultural knowledge with others
 
A-7.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Motivation to study or compare the functioning of different languages (e.g. structures, vocabulary, systems of writing, etc.) or cultures
A-7.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Motivation for the observation and analysis of more or less unfamiliar linguistic or cultural phenomena
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A 8 Willingness or desire

A-8 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource A wish or a will to be involved or to act in connection with linguistic or cultural diversity or plurality or in a plurilingual or pluricultural environment

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A-8.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Determination to take up the challenge of linguistic or cultural diversity (going beyond simple tolerance, towards deeper levels of understanding and respect, towards acceptance)
 
A-8.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Participating consciously in the construction of one’s own plurilingual or pluricultural competence; voluntary involvement in the development of the process of plurilingual or pluricultural socialisation
 
A-8.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Determination to build or to participate in a shared language culture (built on knowledge, values and attitudes to language, shared in general by a community)
 
A-8.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Determination to construct a language culture solidly based on “tested” knowledge of languages and language
A-8.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Commitment to have at one’s disposal a linguistic culture which helps to better understand languages (e.g. where languages come from, how they evolve, what makes them similar or different, etc.)
A-8.4.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to verbalise or discuss representations one may have of certain linguistic phenomena (e.g. loans, “mixing” of languages, etc.)
 
A-8.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A wish to discover other languages, cultures or peoples
A-8.5.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource A wish to encounter other languages, cultures or peoples linked to the personal or family history of persons one knows
 
A-8.6 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will or the wish to be involved in communication with persons from different cultures or to come into contact with others
A-8.6.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to interact with members of the receiving culture or language (i.e. not avoiding members of this culture or language; not seeking only the company of members of one’s own culture)
A-8.6.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to try to understand the differences in behaviour, in values or in attitudes of members of the receiving culture
A-8.6.3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource The will to establish a relationship of equality in plurilingual or pluricultural interaction
A-8.6.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A commitment to helping persons from another culture or language
A-8.6.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Accepting help from persons of another culture or language
 
A-8.7 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will (or commitment) to assume the implications or consequences of one’s decisions and behaviours (i.e. ethical dimension, responsibility)
 
A-8.8 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to learn from others (their language or their culture)
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Attitudes or stances of : questioning, distanciation, decentration, relativisation

A9 - Questioning

A-9 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource An attitude of critical questioning or a critical position towards language or culture in general

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A-9.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A will to ask questions relative to languages and cultures

A-9.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceConsidering the following as objects about which questions may arise: languages or cultures; linguistic or cultural diversity; linguistic or cultural “mixes”; the learning of languages, their importance, their utility etc.
A-9.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering the way languages and their different units (e.g. phonemes, words, sentences or texts) function as objects of analysis and reflection
A-9.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering the way cultures and their domains (e.g. institutions, rituals or uses) function as objects of analysis and reflection
A-9.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering one’s own representations and attitudes towards bilingualism, plurilingualism or cultural mixing as objects about which questions may arise
A-9.2.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Having a critical attitude in respect of the role of language in social relations (e.g. of power, inequality, the attribution of identity, etc) or the socio-political aspects linked to the functions and statuses of languages
A-9.2.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving a critical attitude to the use of language as an instrument of manipulation
 
A-9.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to question the values and presuppositions of the cultural products and practices of one’s own environment or of other cultural contexts
A-9.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Ability to assume a critical distance from information and opinions produced by media, common sense or one’s interlocutors about one’s own community or about other communities
 
A-9.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A critical attitude to one’s own values (or norms) or the values (or norms) of others
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A 10 Willingness

A-10 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceA will to construct "informed" knowledge or representations

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A-10.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to possess a more considered or less normative view of linguistic or cultural phenomena (e.g. loans, linguistic or cultural mixes, etc.)
 
A-10.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to take complexity into account or the will to avoid generalisations
A-10.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to possess a differentiated view of different forms and types of plurilingualism
 
A-10.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA will to take a critical distance from conventional attitudes about or concerning cultural differences
 
A-10.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to overcome barriers or to be open in relation to languages, cultures or communication in general
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A 11 Disposition to suspend judgement

A-11 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The disposition or the will to suspend one’s judgement, one’s acquired representations or one’s prejudices

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A-11.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Being disposed to distance oneself from one’s own language or culture or look at one’s own language from the outside
 
A-11.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Disposition to suspend judgement about one’s own culture or other cultures
 
A-11.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to combat (deconstruct or overcome) one’s prejudices towards other languages or cultures and their speakers or members
A-11.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being attentive to one’s own negative reactions towards cultural or linguistic differences (e.g. fears, contempt, disgust, superiority, etc.)
A-11.3.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being ready to adopt attitudes to diversity which conform to knowledge one may acquire or may have acquired from it
A-11.3.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Taking a view of languages as dynamic, evolving or hybrid (as opposed to the notion of the “purity of language”)
A-11.3.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being ready to discard one’s prejudices about languages which have been marginalized (e.g. regional languages, the languages of migrant learners, sign languages, etc.)
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A 12 Disposition toward process of relativisation

A-12 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Disposition to starting a process of linguistic or cultural decentring or relativising

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A-12.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceBeing ready to distance oneself from one’s own cultural perspective and to be attentive to the effects that this may have on one’s perception of phenomena
 
A-12.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting to suspend (even provisionally) or to question one’s (verbal or other) practices, behaviours or values and to adopt (even provisionally in a reversible manner) behaviours, attitudes or values other than those which have so far constituted one’s linguistic and cultural “identity”
A-12.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Being ready to decentre oneself relative to the mother tongue(s) and culture(s) or the language(s) and culture(s) of school
A-12.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to put oneself in the place of the other
 
A-12.3 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Disposition to go beyond evidence developed in relation with the mother language or culture in order to comprehend languages or cultures, whichever these may be (e.g. better understanding the way they function)
 
A-12.4 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Disposition to reflect on the differences between languages or cultures and on the relative nature of one’s own linguistic or cultural system
A-12.4.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resourceReadiness to distance oneself from formal similarities
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Readiness to adapt, self-confidence or sense of familiarity

A 13 Readiness to adapt

A-13 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceThe will or the disposition to adapt; Flexibility

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A-13.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to adapt or to be flexible in one’s own behaviour when interacting with persons who are linguistically or culturally different from oneself
 
A-13.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to go through the different stages of the process of adaptation to another culture
A-13.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource The will to (try to) manage the frustrations or emotions created by one’s participation in another culture
A-13.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to adapt one’s own behaviour to what one knows or learns about communication in the host culture
 
A-13.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource The will to cope with different manners of perception, expression or behaviour
 
A-13.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceTolerating ambiguity
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A 14 Self Confidence

A-14 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceHaving self-confidence or feeling at ease

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A-14.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Feeling capable of coping with complexity or diversity of contexts or speakers
 
A-14.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Being self-confident in a situation of communication (expression, reception, interaction or mediation)
 
A-14.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Having confidence in one’s own abilities in relation to languages (their study, their use)
A-14.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Confidence in one’s capacities of observation or of analysis of little known or unknown languages
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A 15 Sense of familiarity

A-15 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA feeling of familiarity

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A-15.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A feeling of familiarity linked to similarities or proximities between languages or between cultures
 
A-15.2 Pluralistic approaches are ESSENTIAL for the development of this resource Considering every language or culture as “something” accessible (some aspects of which are already known)
A-15.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A (progressive) feeling of familiarity with new characteristics or practices of a linguistic or cultural order (e.g. new sound systems, new ways of writing, new behaviours, etc.)
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A 16 Identity

A-16 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAssuming one’s own (linguistic or cultural) identity

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A-16.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Being sensitive to the complexity or to the diversity of the relationship which every person has with language(s) or cultures
A-16.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Readiness to consider one’s own relation to different languages or cultures in view of their history or their actual situation in the world
 
A-16.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting a social identity in which the language(s) one speaks or the culture(s) one affiliates to occupy an important position
A-16.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Assuming oneself (or seeing oneself) as a member of a social, cultural or linguistic (eventually plural) community
A-16.2.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Accepting a bi/plurilingual or bi/pluricultural identity
A-16.2.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering that a bi/plurilingual or bi/pluricultural identity is an asset
 
A-16.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Considering one’s own historical identity with confidence or pride while respecting other identities
A-16.3.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Self-esteem, irrespective of which language(s) or culture(s) (e.g. minority or denigrated language or culture) one belongs to
 
A-16.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being attentive (or vigilant) to the dangers of cultural impoverishment or alienation that contact with another or other (dominant) language(s) or culture(s) may bring about
 
A-16.5 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Being attentive (or vigilant) to the possibilities of cultural openness or enrichment that contact with another or other language(s) or culture(s) may bring about
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Attitudes to learning

A 17 Sensitivity

A-17 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceSensitivity to experience

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A-17.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Being sensitive to the extent, the value or the interest of one’s own linguistic or cultural competences
 
A-17.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Assigning value to linguistic knowledge or skills, irrespective of the context in which they have been acquired (e.g. within school or outside school)
 
A-17.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing ready to learn from one’s errors
 
A-17.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Having confidence in one’s own abilities in language learning or in one’s abilities to extend one’s own linguistic competences
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A 18 Motivation

A-18 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Motivation to learn languages (e.g. language(s) of schooling, family, foreign or regional language(s) etc.)

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A-18.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA positive attitude towards the learning of languages (and the speakers who speak them)
A-18.1.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Interest in the learning of language or languages of schooling (i.e. especially for allophonic learners)
A-18.1.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource A wish to perfect one’s mastery of the mother language or the language of schooling
A-18.1.3 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceA desire to learn other languages
A-18.1.4 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAn interest in the learning of languages other than those for which teaching is actually available
A-18.1.5 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAn interest in the learning of languages less or little taught in formal schooling
 
A-18.2 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource An interest in more conscious or more programmed language learning
 
A-18.3 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceBeing disposed to follow up the linguistic learning started within a formal teaching context in an autonomous fashion
 
A-18.4 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resourceDisposition to learn languages throughout one’s life
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A 19 Willingness to learn

A-19 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resourceAttitudes aiming to construct pertinent and informed representations for learning

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A-19.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Disposition to modify one’s own knowledge or representations of the learning of languages when these appear to be unfavourable to learning (negative prejudice )
 
A-19.2 Pluralistic approaches are USEFUL for the development of this resource Interest in learning techniques or in one’s own learning style
A-19.2.1 Pluralistic approaches are IMPORTANT for the development of this resource Self-questioning on adapted or specific comprehension strategies used when faced with an unknown language or code
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  Pluralistic approaches are ...
 ... useful
 ... important
 ... essential
  ... for the development of this resource.